Department of Neuropsychiatry
 Professor
Nobumasa Kato, M.D.
Associate Professors
Nobuo Nakayasu, M.D. Koichi Tsunashima, M.D.
Lecturer
Kiyoto Kasai, M.D.
Associates
Noriomi Kuroki, M.D. Masuhiro Sakata, M.D.
Koji Matsuo, M.D. Susumu Omae, M.D.
Tadashi Murakami, M.D. Keiichiro Watanabe, M.D.
Seiichiro Jinde, M.D. Michiko Ishijima, M.D.

The Department of Neuropsychiatry is Japan's oldest psychiatric department　　which was established in 1886. "Anti-Psychiatry" movement for the last 3 decades had highly negative effects on the progress in all aspects of our activities. However, since 1994, our department has been normalized and restarted to play a leading role in psychiatry in Japan. Now the Department of Neuropsychiatry provides a wide-ranged clinical, training, and research services. Since May 2002, we have been working in the new closed ward (34 beds) and in the open ward (20 beds). Moreover, since 2000, we have been supported by a government grant for basic and clinical neuroscience in stress-related disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of our major findings was the first MRI investigation of anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in PTSD patients following the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack, which was broadcasted in TV and reported by major newspapers.

Clinical Activities
General outpatient services:
We have more than 20 staff psychiatrists, 4 clinical psychologists, 2 trained nurses, and 1 psychiatric social worker. Approximately 1100 new patients visited yearly (2002), and the total visits per year was about 35,000 (140 per day).

Specialty clinics:
Clinic for patients with affective disorders:
The bipolar clinic is managed by two experienced psychiatrists (Drs. Tadafumi Kato and Koji Matsuo). They mainly treat patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. We also give some advice to patients with mood disorders who ask for a second opinion. Dr. Matsuo directly receives some requests from psychiatrists and physicians in other departments. The exchange meetings for patients with bipolar disorder are held semiannually. He also provide psychoeducation to inpatients with bipolar disorder.

Clinic for menopausal melancholia
It is well-known that depressive mood with specific somatic symptoms occurs at climacteric in female and male. They commonly consult the physician or the gynecologist and are treated with anti-depressant (mainly SSRI), but quite a few patients still continue to feel melancholia in spite of the treatment. There are many kinds of anti-depressant and the medical selections of drugs that require the technical skill with the expert medical advice. This clinic was set up at autumn 2003 and the patients were mainly introduced from other sections in hospital or visited for consultation of their will. In the future, the appropriate medication of anti-depressant for the menopausal patients with taking account of the variation of some sex hormones will be investigated, collaborated with Department of Gynecology.

Psychogeriatric clinic
In 2003, we started psychogeriatric clinic, one of the specialized outpatient services in our department, on every Wednesday morning. We are accepting elderly cases with various mental disorders including dementia, mild cognitive impairment and other status to be distinguished from them such as depression. At present (April, 2004), 40 patients are treated in our clinic for Alzheimer type dementia (17 cases), mild cognitive impairment (7 cases), vascular dementia (4 cases), depression (4 cases), delusional disorder (3 cases), hallucinosis (2 cases), frontotemporal dementia (2 cases) and dementia with Lewy bodies (1 case).

Inpatient services:
The secluded ward has 34 beds including 3 seclusion rooms. We also have 20 beds for psychiatric use in a general ward. Approximately 280 patients with various psychiatric disorders were admitted in a year (2002), about one-third of whom were referred from the emergency unit. Occupational therapy, recreational therapy, group therapy, and art therapy are performed.
Child Psychiatry Division for children with pervasive developmental disorders
We established Japan's first child psychiatry day care unit in national university hospitals in 1967. As children with Down's syndrome began to be accepted into nurseries and kindergartens around the year 1975, the focus of this division shifted to the psychological pedagogy of autism. Treatment of autism changed along with the understanding of the clinical condition, from behavioral therapy to cognitive development based therapy. Since 1997, our division was reduced in size and an improved therapy system, "developmental psychology outpatient clinic" was established. This outpatient clinic encompasses individual treatment and psychological counseling by clinical psychologists under the supervision of psychiatrists. Our staff includes 1 full-time psychiatrists, 4 part-time psychiatrists, and 3 clinical psychologists. We provide care for 260 autistic or developmentally disabled children per year. Since 2000, a short term therapy group program has started. Parents participated in the treatment program alongside the staff members. This not only emphasizes the therapy of the child, but assesses their developmental level from many directions. The purpose of the therapy program is to help parents gain a better understanding of children's disability and to help them to acquire a more supportive role for their children in the home environment.
Day Treatment Center (Day Hospital) for persons with severe mental illness
The Day Hospital (DH) is a day care unit for young patients with schizophrenia. It is characterized by the integration of "SEIKATSU RINSHO" hypothesis and therapeutic community principles. It was established in 1974 by the doctor and nurses, under Professor Hiroshi Utena's instruction. To date, approximately 480 consumers have attended this program. We have provided psychiatric rehabilitation service to patients and conducted research related to this field. Weekly programs include sports, cooking, hiking, and social skills training. Family psychoeducation and job rehabilitation are also provided. Currently, there are 5 full-time staffs: 1 psychiatrist, 2 nurses, 1 occupational therapist, 1 clinical psychologist, and 4 special course students.
Currently, about 40 consumers with severe mental illness participate in the program (mean age: 27 years old). Over 90% of the menbers are schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Other members have Asperger disorder, somatization disorder, and so on. Although there is no limit for the duration of the participation, members usually go on to the following social resources in 2.5 years on average.

Consultation-Liaison Division
We have a team for consultation-liaison psychiatry, and provide service for outpatients and inpatients in other departments including intensive care unit (ICU).

Teaching Activities
For psychiatric residents
Clinical meetings on patients: every morning
Case conferences on inpatients: every week
Training for somatic treatment in Intensive Care Unit or Dept. Anesthesiology: 3 months
A series of lectures by teaching staffs on various aspects of psychiatry

For undergraduates
2nd year- Neuropsychiatry Comprehensive lectures
3rd year- Bedside Learning
Last year- Clinical Clerkship (elective)

Postgraduate
Currently more than 20 neuropsychiatry Ph.D. students

Research Activities
Neuroscience research
Stress
It is well accepted that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in anxiolytic-like effects and anti-stress effects. Pharmacological and behavioral studies have consistently indicated that these effects are mainly mediated through an activation of NPY Y1 receptor in the brain. To further elucidate the functional role of Y1 receptor, we have evaluated the histological and behavioral changes in Y1 receptor-deficient mice, after an exposure to 2h of restraint stress. Trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxic organotin, has been shown to cause selective loss of pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus, similar to stress-induced hippocampal changes. Several recent studies in animal models of brain ischemia revealed the neuroprotective properties of tacrolimus (FK506), a potent immunosuppressant used in organ transplants. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of FK-506 on the neuronal death and apoptosis in the hippocampus after TMT intoxication, using immunohistochemistry and TUNEL method.

Epilepsy
Systemic injection of kainic acid in rat causes severe convulsions, increased seizure susceptibility and seizure-induced neuronal death. Since precise mechanisms of various anticonvulsants are still unclear, we have investigated to elucidate whether these anticonvulsants demonstrate neuroprotective effects on kainic acid-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus.

Environmental endocrine disrupter
Bisphenol-A (BPA), one of environmental endocrine disrupters, is released from polycarbonate plastics, and is known to mimic oestrogens in their action. Recent studies reported that prenatal and neonatal exposure to low-dose bisphenol-A modulates the sexual differentiation of behavior and the central dopaminargic effects in vivo and in vitro. We examine the effects of BPA on the behavior, memory and the expression of estrogen-alpha receptor in the brain of rats exposed to BPA during the fetal and suckling periods at a dosage far less than the no-observed-adverse-effect level.

Genetic Research
The Genetic Research Group of the department is investigating genetic as well as environmental mechanism of psychiatric disorders. A major focus of the studies is exploration of susceptibility genes of the disorders including schizophrenia, infantile autism, their spectrum disorders and anxiety disorder (mainly panic disorder). A number of candidates of the susceptible genes are studied using case-control and TDT (transmission disequilibrium test) designs. We are at present achieving most interesting results in the investigations of DISC1, Neuregulin1 and other candidate genes in schizophrenia and the chromosome 7 genes in infantile autism. Another focus is investigation of genes that affect the development of personality. These studies are undertaken through collaboration with facilities including the Department of Human Genetics and the Health Service Center, University of Tokyo, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, the Asunaro-Gakuen, the Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University, several departments of the Tottori University, Department of Psychiatry, Mie University, the Brain Research Center of the Riken and others. We are also very grateful to several mental hospital around Tokyo for their collaborations. Several papers on these study issues have been published in the last few years. In addition to the molecular genetic studies, studies of environmental factors which affect the development of the disorders, interacting with the genetic components. Among several clues to study the environmental factors, the special focus is on the seasonality of birth in schizophrenia. We are attempting to elucidate specific factors that cause the seasonality through collaborations with facilities across the nation.

Neuroimaging
Our group plays a leading role in psychiatric neuroimaging in Japan. Our research aims at multi-modality neuroimaging (structural and functional MRI, MR spectroscopy, EEG, MEG, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), PET) in schizophrenia, mood disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Our projects include (arranged by neuroimaging techniques):

Structural MRI/diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Volumetric and DTI studies in schizophrenia, unipolar depression, autism spectrum disorders, and PTSD, mainly using voxel-based morphometry; Gene-MRI endophenotype association studies in collaboration with the Psychiatric Genetics Group and RIKEN

Functional MRI
Functional MRI studies of PTSD using subliminally presented threatening stimuli

MR spectroscopy
1H-MRS in patients with schizophrenia (not currently in use).

EEG
High-resolution (64 channel) event-related potentials (ERPs) studies in patients with schizophrenia using auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and Go No-go paradigms.

MEG
Whole-head (204-channel) MEG studies in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, using MMN and face perception paradigms.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Prefrontal activation studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and PTSD.

PET
FDG-PET studies in unipolar depression.

Neuropsychological assessment
Neuropsychological test battery in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.

Clinical Pharmacology
The atypical neuroleptics have been widely prescribed in our country. They contribute to the reduction of uncomfortable side effects and the improvement of the patient's QOL. But the typical neuroleptics still have been used because of their sedative effects particularly in acute state of Schizophrenia. We have been investigating a voluntary clinical research, which contain the practical evaluation to the treatment of atypical neuroleptics for acute psychotic state in Schizophrenia.
Recently the abnormal glucose tolerance induced by atypical neuroleptics had been reported and some accidental hyperglycemia had happened in our country, too.. Though there are many reports involving to this problem in foreign country, few detailed investigation was performed in Japan until now. We are preparing to examine the glucose tolerance of inpatients that are treated by neuroleptics in collaboration with many hospitals and expect that the frequency of risk and some actual factors will be revealed.

Geriatric psychiatry
Neuropathological study of dementias
Our interest is neuropathological background of dementia, especially NFT-predominant form of dementia (NFTD). NFTD is a sporadic subset of dementia pathologically characterized by abundant and almost exclusive appearance of NFTs in the limbic areas with scarcity of senile plaques. Our study suggests that pathogenetic background of NFTD may be different from that of AD and cognitive decline in NFT-SC may be affected not only by severity of NFT pathology but also by coexisting vascular lesions and/or argyrophilic grains.

Prospective study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
We are participating in a prospective, multicenter study on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is defined as the intermediate state between normal cognition and dementia. The aim of this study is to establish highly effective diagnostic method for pre-symptomatic dementia and to enable appropriate medical intervention in the MCI stage, utilizing clinical examinations such as biological marker of cerebrospinal fluid and statistical SPECT.

Psychopathology
Phenomenological-structuralistic psychopathological research on schizophrenia
The disturbance of the pre-descriptive level or "tacit" dimension phenomenological psychopathology pointed out in people with schizophrenia has clinical relevance when we try to achieve deeper insight into what cognitive researches designate as the disturbance of association, the deficit of holistic cognitions and the weakening of working memory. Normative dimension pointed out by structuralistic psychopathology, through which a human subject enters the linguistically institutionalized world should also be taken into consideration when we try to understand the lack of self-confidence and the positive symptoms of people with schizophrenia. Tsuda pointed out the relevance of the phenomenological-structuralistic approach to understand above all the "basic symptoms" (Huber) of schizophrenia. Sumida and Tsuda pointed out the possible contamination of the ambivalence of "good" and "bad" into the apparently neutral intentionality (Husserl) and emphasized the importance of Bleuler's concept of ambivalence as phenomena appearing on the junction between pre-descriptive and linguistically institutionalized dimension. Hattori and Tsuda disclosed on a case study, taking note of ambivalence and Benedetti's psychotherapeutic approach to schizophrenia, how the symptoms of schizophrenia can be really influenced by the interpersonal relation between therapists and patients.

Anthropological and empirical research of mood disorder
Although the discussion of the melancholic type personality (Tellenbach) continues to have relevance to the core group in today's clinical practice of mood disorder, quite a few cases have marginal personality traits. Tsuda proposes the typological description of these marginal traits and possible revision of Kasahara's "Initial psychotherapeutic approach to mood disorder patients" taking these marginal types into consideration. Ohmae discussed the differential diagnosis of the patients with mood change, taking notice of the nosological neutrality of mood disturbances in psychiatric practice. The problems of temporality and the loss of object are fundamental when we consider the psychopathology of mood disorder. Shimoda proposed the concept of "shuuchaku temperament (statothymia)" in 1940. Tsuda reconsidered the original Japanese meaning of the word "shuuchaku" and disclose how the specific disturbances of temporality and object relation are interrelated with each other in the psychopathology of mood disorder. Classical descriptions by Reiss and Kraepelin on the "fundamental state" of mood disorder deserve new attention when we approach these marginal types. Questionnaire TEMPS developed by Akiskal can be used for this purpose. Akiyama, Matsumoto, Sakai and Tsuda in collaboration with Akiskal, using TEMPS, performed the empirical researches integrating Kraepelin's fundamental state, Kretschmer's concept of cycloid and schizoid temperament and Tellenbach's melancholic type on normal and clinical people. They also verified the significant relation between temperament and the subjective awareness of the quality of job stress among working people. The relation between job stress and depressive traits varies between men and women. To approach this difference it is indispensable to take the concept of gender in socio-cultural context. Ogiwara, Tsuda and Akiyama, combining a quantitative empirical method and a qualitative interview method made research on the job stress and depression of working people in Japan.

Spatiality of psychiatric patients
Private region and officially institutionalized region are interrelated in each subject. In psychiatric patients this interrelation is afflicted with specific deviations varying in each types of psychiatric disorder. Matsunami and Ohmae discussed these various types of deviation as characteristic spatiality of psychiatric patients.

Dialogue between philosophy and psychopathology
Such philosophical contributions as Phenomenology, Bergson's discussion on memory and "Lebensphilosophie" (philosophy of life) by Bergson, Merlo ponti and Deleuze have been developed through the dialogue with psychiatric phenomena and are suggestive of the understanding of psychopathology. Utsumi and Tsuda participated in the COE project of the department of philosophy of Keio University and contributed for the dialogue between philosophy and psychopathology.

Psychotic continuum from the view of inpatient treatment of university hospital
The old German concept of "Einheitspsychose" has never been obsolete and is now drawing attention as psychotic continuum. Especially among inpatients of the university hospitals located in big cities there are lots of those who do not belong to the core typical group of each nosological entity. This motivated us to revisit the concept of "Einheitspsychose". We have begun the descriptive psychopathological approach to the inpatients of our university hospital concerning the following issues; the continuity and discontinuity among personal disorder and mood disorder, the relation between psychogenic, depressive and organic (demented) disturbances among senile patients and the atypical symptomatology of bipolar patients.

References
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  3. Ikeda A, Kato N, Kato T. (2002) Possible relationship between electroencephalogram finding and lithium response in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 26: 903-907
  4. Ishikura N, Tsunashima K, Watanabe K, Nishimura T, Minabe Y, Kato N. (2002) Neuropeptide Y and somatostatin participate differently in the seizure-generating mechanisms following trimethyltin-induced hippocampal damage. Neurosci Res, 44: 237-248
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  16. Murakami T, Nakagome K, Kamio S, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Hiramatsu K, Fukuda M, Hata A, Honda M, Watanabe A, Kato N. (2002) The effects of benzodiazepines on ERP indices of automatic and controlled processing in schizophrenia: A preliminary report. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 26: 651-661
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  20. Tochigi M, Umekage T, Otani T, Kato T, Iwanami A, Asukai N, Sasaki T, Kato N. (2002) Serum cholesterol, uric acid and cholinesterase in victims of the Tokyo subway sarin poisoning:: A relation with post-traumatic stress disorder. Neurosci Res, 44: 267-272
  21. Tomita H, Yamada K, Ghadami M, Ogura T, Yanai Y, Nakatomi K, Sadamatsu M, Masui A, Kato N, Niikawa N (2002) Lancet Mapping of the wet/dry earwax locus to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16., 359: 2000-2002
  22. Tsutsumi S, Akaike M, Arimitsu H, Imai H, Kato N. (2002) Circulating corticosterone alters the rate of neuropathological and behavioral changes induced by trimethyltin in rats. Exp Neurology, 173: 86-94
  23. Watanabe A, Kasai K, Nagakubo S, Kamio S, Murakami T, Hata A, Iwanami A, Nakagome K, Fukuda M, Kato N. (2002) Verbal and procedural memory in schizophrenia with milder symptoms: implications for psychosocial intervention. Schizophr Res, 53: 263-265
  24. Watanabe A, Kato N, KatoT. (2002) Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation. Neurosci Res, 42: 279-285
  25. Yamasue H, Fukui T, Fukuda R, Yamada H, Yamasaki S, Kuroki N, Abe O, Kasai K, Tsujii K, Iwanami A, Aoki S, Ohtomo K, Kato N, Kato T. (2002) 1H-MR spectroscopy and gray matter volume of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. NeuroReport, 13: 2133-2137
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  28. Kasai K, Shenton ME, Salisbury DF, Onitsuka T, Toner SK, Yurgelun-Todd D, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, McCarley RW: (2003) Differences and similarities in insular and temporal pole MRI gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60: 1069-1077
  29. Kasai K, Yamada H, Kamio S, Nakagome K, Iwanami A, Fukuda M, Yumoto M, Itoh K, Koshida I, Abe O, Kato N. (2003) Neuromagnetic correlates of impaired automatic categorical perception of speech sounds in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 59: 159-172
  30. Kato T, Ishiwata M, Mori K, Washizuka S, Tajima O, Akiyama T, Kato N (2003) Mechanisms of altered Ca2+ signaling in transformed lymphoblastoid cells from patients with bipolar disorder Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 6: 379-389
  31. Kato T, Iwamoto K, Washizuka S, Mori K, Tajima O, Akiyama T, Nanko S, Kunugi H, Kato N. (2003) No association of mutations and mRNA expression of WFS1/wolframin with bipolar disorder in humans. Neurosci Lett, 338: 21-24
  32. Kohda K, Kamiya Y, Matsuda S, Kato K, Umemori H, Yazaki M (2003) Heteromer formation of δ2 glutamate receptors with AMPA or kainite receptors Mol Brain Res, 110: 27-37
  33. Matsuo K, Kato T, Taneichi K, Matsumoto A, Ohtani T, Hamamoto T, Yamasue H, Sakano Y, Sasaki T, Sadamatsu M, Iwanami A, Asukai N, Kato N. (2003) Activation of the prefrontal cortex to trauma-related stimuli measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism. Psychophysiology, 40: 492-500
  34. Matsuo K, Taneichi K, Matsumoto A, Ohtani T, Yamasue H, Sakano Y, Sasaki T, Sadamatsu M, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Asukai N, Kato N, Kato T (2003) Hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex during verbal fluency test in PTSD:A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging, 124: 1-10
  35. Mori T, Sasaki T, Iwanami A, Araki T, Mizuno K, Kato T, Kato N (2003) Smoking habits in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 120: 207-209
  36. Morinobu S, Fujimaki K, Kawano K, Tanaka K, Takahashi J, Ohkawa M, Yamawaki S, Kato N (2003) Influence of Immobilization Stress on the Expression and Phosphatase Activity of Protein Phosphatase 2A in the Rat Brain. Biol Psychiatry, 54: 1060-1066
  37. Onitsuka T, Shenton ME, Kasai K, Nestor PG, Toner SK, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, McCarley RW. (2003) Fusiform gyrus volume reduction and facial recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60: 349-355
  38. Tsuda H, Utsumi T, Heinze M (2003) Die gegenwartigee Situation der japanischen Psychopathologie Nervenarzt, 74: 1025-1029
  39. Umekage T, Tochigi M, Marui T, Kato C, Hibino H, Otani T, Kohda K, Kato N, Sasaki T (2003) Serotonin transporter-linked promoter region polymorphism and personality traits in a Japanese population. Neurosci Lett, 337: 13-16
  40. Washizuka S, Ikeda A, Kato N, Kato T. (2003) Possible relationship between mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and lithium response in bipolar disorder. Int J psychopharmacol, 6: 421-424
  41. Watanabe A, Matsuo K, Kato N, Kato T (2003) The cerebral blood volume in healthy adult during congnitive task and hyperventilation measured by Near-infrared spectroscopy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 15: 442-9
  42. Yamasue H, Fukui T, Fukuda R, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Kato N, Kato T. (2003) Relationship between drug-induced parkinsonism and choline-containing compounds measured by 1H-MR-spectroscopy in putamen of chronic medicated schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 6: 353-360
  43. Yamasue H, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Ohtani T, Yamada H, Abe O, Kuroki N, Fukuda R, Tochigi M, Furukawa S, Sadamatsu M, Sasaki T, Aoki S, Ohtomo K, Asukai N, Kato N. (2003) Anterior cingulate gray matter volume reduction demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100: 9039-9043
  44. Yokoyama T, Kato N, Yamada N (2003) Development of a high-throughput bioassay to screen melatonin receptor agonists using human melatonin receptor expressing CHO cells. Neurosci Lett, 344: 45-48
  45. Hamakawa H, Murashita J, Yamada N, Inubushi T, Kato N, Kato T. (2004) Reduced intracellular pH in the basal ganglia and whole brain measured by 31P-MRS in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 58: 82-88
  46. Kasai K, McCarley RW, Salisbury DF, Onitsuka T, Demeo S, Yurgelun-Todd D, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, Shenton ME: Cavum septi pellucidi in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis. Schizophr Res, in press.
  47. Kato C, Umekage T, Tochigi M, Otowa K, Hibino H, Ohtani T, Kohda K, Kato N, Sasaki T: Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and extraversion. Am J Med Genet, in press :
  48. Kudo N, Nakagome K, Kasai K, Araki T, Fukuda M, Kato N, Iwanami A (2004) Effects of corollary discharge on event-related potentials during selective attention task in healthy men and women Neurosci Res, 48: 59-64
  49. Marui T, Hashimoto O, Nanba E, Kato C, Tochigi M, Umekage T, Kato M, Sasaki T (2004) Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPG) locus in Japanese subjects with autism. Brain Dev 26: 5-7.
  50. Marui T, Hashimoto O, Nanba E, Kato C, Tochigi M, Umekage T, Ishijima M, Kohda K, Kato K, Sasaki T: An association between the neurofibromatosis-1(NF1)locus and autism in the Japanese population. Am J Med Genet, in press.
  51. Matsumoto S, Akiyama T, Tsuda H, Miyake Y, Kawamura Y, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS: Reliability and validity of TEMPS-A in a Japanese nonclinical population: Application to unipolar and bipolar depressives. J Affect Disord, in press.
  52. Matsuo K, Watanabe A, Onodera Y, Kato N, Kato T: Prefrontal hemodynamic response to verbal fluency task and hyperventilation in bipolar disorder measured by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. J Affect Disord, in press.
  53. Onitsuka T, Shenton ME, Dickey CC, Kasai K, Nestor PG, Toner SK, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, McCarley RW: Middle and inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volume abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia: an MRI study. Am J Psychiatry, in press.
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Annual Report of the Graduate School of Medicine and The Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Reports for the Period April 2002 - March 2004