Department of Pharmacy
Professor
Tatsuji Iga, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Yasuhiko Yamada, Ph.D. (-2003.3) Hiroshi Suzuki, Ph.D. (2003.4-)
Lecturer
Takao Aoyama, PhD.
Research Associate
Takahiro Kubota, Ph.D. Yoshitsugu Yanagihara, Ph.D.
Takeshi Ozeki, Ph.D. (-2003.12) Tomonobu Uchino, Ph.D.
Kazuo Takayama, M.S. Erika Sugiyama, M.S.
Makiko Kusama, M.S. Takehito Yamamoto, M.S. (2004.3-)

Organization
The Department of Pharmacy consists of the following four sections: the dispensing section, manufacturing section, drug information and clinical testing section, and the inventory section. Ten faculty members are taking part in educational and research activities as well as clinical activities. We also have 47 pharmacy staffs, 20 pharmacy residents, and 8 graduate students from the university's Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (fiscal year 2003).

Educational Activities
The Department of Pharmacy have been providing clinical practices for both medical and pharmacy students and also for some graduates. In addition, we hold continuing education seminars (5 times a year) and compounding workshops (once a month) for pharmacists.
Interdisciplinary education is important in training healthcare professionals to promote safer and more effective therapy. We have been tutoring forth year medical students for BSL (Bed-Side Learning). During the one-week period, they learn some basic skills that will be required in their future career, such as writing prescriptions, collecting adequate drug information, and risk management in using medications. It is nearly their first time to learn about clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Furthermore, they will learn about the general pharmaceutical care that we provide, such as formulation of in-hospital suppositories and ointments, etc., filling and checking of prescriptions, and the drug supplying system. We have been experiencing that appreciation of our pharmaceutical care is helpful for both of us in promoting safe and effective therapy in interdisciplinary teams as the students become our resident physicians.
We hold a total of 2-week practice for the students of the university's Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Although most students do not choose pharmacists as their first career, the students will learn about the general pharmaceutical care for a better understanding of applied pharmaceutical science. We also hold two series of lectures for the undergraduate students (Clinical Pharmacy I, II; 1 credit each), and for the graduate students (2 credits) in the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Research Activities
The ultimate goal in our research activities is optimization of drug therapy. The faculty staffs are performing various studies, and tutors graduate and undergraduate students from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences as well as pharmacy staffs and pharmacy residents.
We have focused on genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes and its phenotype, population pharmacokinetic analysis for individualized therapy, and research and development of in-hospitail preparations and methodology that could raise the patient QOL. The following are the main projects that we are engaged in:
1) Analysis on genetic polymorphisms on drug metabolizing enzymes and other factors on the evaluation on individual and sex variation of medications
1)-1 Exploratory research of new SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and statistical analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the Japanese population (Cytochrome P450 [CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5], GST (glutation S-transferase), and NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 2))
1)-2 Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes and the influence on pharmacokinetics of drugs
1)-3 Pharmacodynamic analysis of sex difference
2) Research and development of in-hospital preparations
3) Clinical and practical studies on optimization of drug therapy

Clinical Activities
We provide pharmaceutical care through 4 sections listed below. Conferences are held every Tuesday evening for updating drug information and for continuing education.
1) Dispensing Section
After inspecting all prescriptions for contraindications or improper use, medications are dispensed. Drug information is given to outpatients from this section, sometimes using a private room. A computerized order entry system is linked with automatic packaging machines for oral medicines, and bar code label printer and automatic dispensing system for injection drugs. The bar code labels will be used for safety management in administration of injection drugs.
2) Manufacturing Section
Medications that are commercially unavailable and/or have some problems in stability are prepared for clinical and research use. They are clinically applied after approval from the institutional ethical committee.
3) Drug Information and Clinical Testing Section
This section collects, evaluates, analyzes, and provides up-to-date drug information for pharmacists and other health care professionals. Periodical in-hospital newsletters and booklets are published. Also, this section prepares data for the institutional pharmaceutical committee, which decides the hospital formulary. The clinical testing section implements quality tests of drugs that are prepared in the hospital. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which is successful in providing rational therapy, such as infection diseases and post-transplantation therapy, is carried out in this section.
4) Inventory Section
The pharmacy is responsible for the inventory management and provides approximately 2000 medications with the least dead stock. We also confirm that we comply with the GPMSP application. The Narcotics Control Center is in charge of the management of the narcotic agents, which is strictly regulated by the law. The amount of narcotic agents used is increasing along with the demands for better pain control.
Statistical Data (fiscal year 2002)
Number of items on in-hospital formulary: approx. 2000
Number of prescriptions filled (annual)
out-patients: 492,795
in-patients 382,106
(oral and external): 171,804
(injection drugs): 176,505
(IVH): 27,706
(chemotherapy): 6,091
TDM consultations (annual): 12,545
Numbers of Clinical Consulting (out-patients; annual): 64,195

References
  1. Frequent occurrence of CYP2D6*10 duplication allele in a Japanese population. Mitsunaga Y., Kubota T., Ishiguro A., Yamada Y., Sasaki H., Chiba K., and Iga T. Mutat Res. 505: 83-85 (2002)
  2. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in Japanese subjects: metabolic activity of 6-mercaptopurine 6-methylation in different TPMT genotypes. Nishida A., Kubota T., Yamada Y., Higashi K., Kitamura K., Nakahara K., and Iga T. Clin Chim Acta. 323: 147-150 (2002)
  3. Prediction and assessment of extrapyramidal side effects induced by risperidone based on dopamine D2 receptor occupancy. Yamada Y., Ohno Y., Nakashima Y., Fukuda M., Takayanagi R., Sato H., Tsuchiya F., Sawada Y., and Iga T. Synapse 46: 32-37 (2002)
  4. A new method for determination of buformin in plasma and urine by ion-paired reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Yamamoto T., Kusama M., Matsuno K., Sugiyama E., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Biomed Chromatogr. 16: 453-454 (2002)
  5. Cosmetic color improvement of the nipple-areola complex by optimal use of tretinoin and hydroquinone. Yoshimura K., Momosawa A., Watanabe A., Sato K., Matsumoto D., Aiba E., Harii K., Yamamoto T., Aoyama T., and Iga T. Dermatol Surg. 28: 1153-1157; discussion 1158 (2002)
  6. Plasma concentration profiles of ketamine and norketamine after administration of various ketamine preparations to healthy Japanese volunteers. Yanagihara Y., Ohtani M., Kariya S., Uchino K., Hiraishi T., Ashizawa N., Aoyama T., Yamamura Y., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 24: 37-43 (2003)
  7. Clinical trial of bleaching treatment with 10% all-trans retinol gel. Yoshimura K., Momosawa A., Aiba E., Sato K., Matsumoto D., Mitoma Y., Harii K., Aoyama T., and Iga T. Dermatol Surg. 29: 155-160; discussion 160 (2003)
  8. Effects of CYP2D6 genotypes on plasma concentrations of risperidone and enantiomers of 9-hydroxyrisperidone in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Yasui-Furukori N., Mihara K., Kondo T., Kubota T., Iga T., Takarada Y., De Vries R., Kaneko S., and Tateishi T. J Clin Pharmacol. 43: 122-127 (2003)
  9. CYP3A4*18:It is not rare allele in Japanese population. Yamamoto T., Nagafuchi, N., Ozeki, T., Kubota, T., Ishikawa, H., Ogawa, S., Yamada, Y., Hirai, H., Iga, T. Drug Metabol Pharmacokin. 18: 167-168 (2003)
  10. Effect of the single CYP2C9*3 allele on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan in healthy Japanese subjects. Sekino K., Kubota T., Okada Y., Yamada Y., Yamamoto K., Horiuchi R., Kimura K., and Iga T. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 59: 589-592 (2003)
  11. Combined therapy using Q-switched ruby laser and bleaching treatment with tretinoin and hydroquinone for acquired dermal melanocytosis. Momosawa A., Yoshimura K., Uchida G., Sato K., Aiba E., Matsumoto D., Yamaoka H., Mihara S., Tsukamoto K., Harii K., Aoyama T., and Iga T. Dermatol Surg. 29: 1001-1007 (2003)
  12. Common mutant alleles of CYP2D6 causing the defect of CYP2D6 enzyme activity in a Japanese population. Ishiguro A., Kubota T., Sasaki H., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 55: 414-415 (2003)
  13. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in rats. Fujita Y., Yamada Y., Kusama M., Yamauchi T., Kamon J., Kadowaki T., and Iga T. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 136: 85-94 (2003)
  14. Association of troglitazone-induced liver injury with mutation of the cytochrome P450 2C19 gene. Kumashiro R., Kubota T., Koga Y., Tanaka M., Inada C., Kusaba N., Yoshida H., Hisamochi A., Ide T., Tomita Y., Masumoto N., Tanikawa K., Iga T., and Sata M. Hepatol Res. 26: 337-342 (2003)
  15. Effects of various CYP2D6 genotypes on the steady-state plasma concentrations of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Mihara K., Kondo T., Yasui-Furukori N., Suzuki A., Ishida M., Ono S., Kubota T., Iga T., Takarada Y., de Vries R., and Kaneko S. Ther Drug Monit. 25: 287-293 (2003)
  16. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses based on dopamine D2-receptor occupancy of bromocriptine, of bromocriptine-induced contralateral rotations in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Atsumi M., Kawakami J., Sugiyama E., Kotaki H., Sawada Y., Sato H., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Synapse. 50: 110-116 (2003)
  17. Inhibitory effect of erythromycin on potassium currents in rat ventricular myocytes in comparison with disopyramide. Hanada E., Ohtani H., Hirota M., Uemura N., Nakaya H., Kotaki H., Sato H., Yamada Y., and Iga T. J Pharm Pharmacol. 55: 995-1002 (2003)
  18. Potentiation of domperidone-induced catalepsy by a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, cyclosporin A. Tsujikawa K., Dan Y., Nogawa K., Sato H., Yamada Y., Murakami H., Ohtani H., Sawada Y., and Iga T. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 24: 105-114 (2003)
  19. Drug Interaction between Tacrolimus and Fluconazole in Living Related Liver Transplant Patients Iwasa I., Sugiyama E., Yamada Y., Harihara Y., Makuuchi M., and Iga T. Jpn. J.TDM, 19: 33-38 (2002)
  20. The Genetic Polymorphism of Cytochrome P450 and Its Effect on the Metabolic Activity in the Japanese Population Akaishi T., Kubota T., and Iga T. Jpn J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 33 : 243-246 (2002)
  21. Effect of admixture of commercially available corticosteroid ointments and/or creams on vasoconstrictor activity. Ohtani M., Yamada N., Takayama K., Kotaki H., Etoh T., Kariya S., Uchino K., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 122: 107-112 (2002)
  22. Evaluation of the permeability of corticosteroid in hairless mouse and hairless micropig skin from admixture of commercially available corticosteroid ointments and/or creams. Ohtani M., Kotaki H., Kariya S., Uchino K., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 122: 589-594 (2002)
  23. Recall Information of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Regarding Legal Regulations and the Current Status Participation of the Pharmacists in Safety Management  Kageyama E., Furuiwa S., Kimura R., Orii T., and Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 28: 435-442 (2002)
  24. A Survey of the Attitude of the New Graduate Pharmacists on Clinical Trials Takayanagi R., Yamada Y., Kono M., Nakamura H., Sato H., Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 28: 489-494 (2002)
  25. The construction and evaluation of the preventing method for the input mischoice in a prescription order entry system --usefulness of a three-character input and a warning screen display system. Watanabe M., Sugiura M., Seino T., Mitsunaga Y., Nakamura H., Yamada Y., Tsuchiya F., Ohe K., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 122: 841-847 (2002)
  26. A Study of Recall Information Given by Pharmaceuticals (Part 2)－Measures of Pharmaceutical Company for Providing Information Related to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy－ Kageyama E., Koura S., Kimura R., Orii T., and Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 29: 438-448 (2003)
  27. Creation and usefulness of the "drug information card" for support of dispensing. Kamata S., Negishi E., Ogata A., Nakajima K., Orii T., Nakamura H., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 123: 69-75 (2003)
  28. Adsorption of rhG-CSF (Filgrastim) to Extension Tube Sugiura M., Nakajima K., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 29: 173-177 (2003)
  29. Documents for clinical trials of new drugs: results of their reviews prior to submissions to IRB. Takayanagi R., Yamada Y., Watanabe K., Nakamura H., Omata M., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 123: 249-254 (2003)
  30. Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic analysis of anti-hyperprolactinemic effect of terguride based on dopamine D2 receptor occupancy.
    Yamada Y., Irizuki N., Takayanagi R., Yamamoto K., Sawada Y., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 123: 255-260 (2003)
  31. Investigation of the cause of polyurethane catheter cracking during constant infusion of etoposide (VP-16) injection (2) ‐Analysis of ethanol eluting materials from catheter. Yokoyama H., Aoyama T., Nakajima K., Yamada Y., Sato H., Chiba S., Hirai H., and Iga T.
    Yakugaku Zasshi, 123: 799-803 (2003)
  32. The Adsorption of Granulocyte‐Colony Stimulating Factor (Nartograstim) to a Plastic Syringe during Constant Infusion and a Method to Prevent Adsorption  Kuramoto K., Aoyama T., Sugiura M., Seino T., Yamada Y., and Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 29: 691-697 (2003)
  33. The effects of indomethacin spray on the pain of stomatitis in the patients for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nakamura T., Aoyama T., Yanagihara Y., Yamada Y., Miyoshi A., Kanda Y., Hirai H., Furukawa T., and Iga T. Yakugaku Zasshi, 123: 1023-1029 (2003)
  34. A Study of Recall Information Given by Pharmaceuticals (Part 3) －Usefulness of Drug Recall Information in Uwajima City Hospital－
    Kageyama E., Orii T., and Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 30:113-120(2004)
  35. Support System for Pharmaceutical Training in Hospitals Using the Internet and Its Shortcomings Kageyama E., Koura S., Orii T., and Iga T. Jpn J Pharm Health Care Sci. 30:217-223(2004)
Annual Report of the Graduate School of Medicine and The Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Reports for the Period April 2002 - March 2004