Department of Urology
Professor
Tadaichi Kitamura, M.D. (Oncology, Nephrology, Urolithiasis, Virology)
Associate Professor
Takumi Takeuchi, M.D. (Transplantation, Immunology, Oncology) Satoru Takahashi, M.D. (Neurourology, Female urology, Oncology)
Lecturer
Kyoichi Tomita, M.D. (Oncology) Haruki Kume, M.D. (Oncology, Nephrology)
Hiroaki Nishimatsu, M.D. (Endocrinology, Neurourology) Akira Ishikawa, M.D. (Transplantation, Nephrology)
Associate
Naohiko Okamoto, M.D. (Nephrology, Urolithiasis) Shinya Matsumoto, M.D. (Oncology)
Yutaka Enomoto, M.D. (Virology, Oncology) Hiroshi Yokoyama, M.D. (Nephrology)
Akira Nomiya, M.D. (Pediatric Urology) Aya Niimi, M.D. (Oncology)
Yusuke Sato, M.D. (Neurourology) Fumitake Kobayashi, M.D. (Oncology)
Yuta Takeshima, M.D. (Nephrology) Yuta Yamada, M.D. (Oncology)
Shizue Nyoumura, M.D. (Female Urology)

Organization
Urology is a special field of clinical medicine covering the diseases of the adrenal gland, the kidney, the urinary tract and the male genital system by means of a surgical procedure as well as an approach of internal medicine. In addition, urology encompasses pediatric urology, neurourology, female urology (especially, stress incontinence), renal transplantation, renal vascular surgery, endocrine surgery and geriatric urology. For this reason, urology requires the scientific background of oncology, nephrology, endocrinology, andrology, immunology, pediatrics, histology, microbiology, neurology and gerontology. Now we have commenced to utilize cellular and molecular biology to develop the research in urology. It is expected for our department to devote to the scientific progress in the frontier of urology.
In recent years, we have been taking international leadership in applying the new and minimally invasive treatment modalities. They are exemplified by endoscopic management of the diseases in the upper urinary tract, ESWL, or laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis, hyperthermic and laser therapies for BPH, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy and nephrectomy substituting open procedures.
The professor, associate professors, instructors and associates are involved in in-patient and out-patient cares and teaching of the students as well as research activities. Clinical visiting professors are mainly engaged in the teaching.

Research Activities
There are 9 research groups with different clinical and research activities shown as follows. Our basic principles for research are in accord with the trends in modern medicine; improvement of quality of life, minimally invasive treatment, application of modern technology and/or basic science and cost-effectiveness. There are approximately 25 publications in English each year.
Nephrology group
Urolithiasis group
Transplantation group
Oncology group
Endourology group
Neurourology and Geriatric urology group
Andrology and Endocrinology group
Immunology group
Virology group

Teaching Activities
Systematic urological lectures are provided for the second year medical students. Both clinical lectures and bed side teaching are scheduled for the third and fourth year medical students. Thirteen times of systematic lectures are performed by professor, associate professors and instructors concerning their specialties.
Bed side teaching is concentrated on practical care of the patients. Teachers give lectures mainly regarding pre-and post-operative management, indication of operation, surgical anatomy and surgical techniques.

Clinical Activities
There are 44 beds in the ward (8th floor of the central-ward-building). The residents take care of all the patients on 24-hour a day basis. Associate staff members team up with the residents on a man-to-man basis. The total number of inpatients was 601 from April 2003 to March 2004. More than half of in-patients suffer from urogenital cancer. Urolithiasis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary incontinence and other many diseases were treated.
Elective operations are performed on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. A total of 1025 operations were performed in 2003. The main operations are total cystectomy 7 (ileal neobladder 3), total prostatectomy 82, radical nephrectomy 26, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) 90, transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) 36, transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) 20, and ESWL 76.
A weekly clinical conference is held for discussing cases with difficult problems in detail and the best treatment is chosen for each case. Furthermore at the weekly professor's round on Wednesday, data of all the patients are presented and appropriate treatment strategies are recommended for them.
In out-patient clinic, services are provided from Monday to Friday. Patients assigned to specialized service as andrology, neurourology and transplantation receive sophisticated care on the particular day of the week.
The number of newly registered patients was 1108 and the total number of out-patients was 27556 patient-days from April 2003 to March 2004.

References
  1. Homma Y, Yamaguchi T, Kondo Y, Horie S, Takahashi S, Kitamura T. Significance of nocturia in the international prostate symptom score for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Urol 167: 172-176, 2002
  2. Matsushima H, Kawabe K, Fujime M, Kitamura T, Homma Y, Kishi H, Kawamura T, Umeda T, Ohishi Y, Murai M, Kawai T, Yoshida H, Fukuda T. Treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer by intravesical　instillation of anticancer drugs plus oral chemotherapy following TUR-Bt : A randomized controlled trial. Oncol Rep 9 : 283-288, 2002
  3. Kitamura T, Nishimatsu H, Hamamoto T, Tomita K, Takeuchi T, Ohta N. EMP combination chemotherapy and low-dose monotherapy in advanced prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2: 59-71, 2002
  4. Sugimoto C, Hasegawa M, Kato A, Zheng H-Y, Ebihara H, Taguchi F, Kitamura T, Yogo Y. Evolution of human polyomavirus JC : Implications for　the　population history of humans. J Mol Evol 54 : 285-297, 2002
  5. Ohashi Y, Nakai S, Tsukamoto T, Masumori N, Akaza H, Miyanaga N, Kitamura T, Kawabe K, Kotake T, Kuroda M, Naito S, Koga H, Saito Y, Nomata K, Kitagawa M. Habitual intake of lactic acid bacteria and risk reduction of bladder cancer. Urol Int 62 : 273-280, 2002
  6. Hirasawa K, Kitamura T, Oka T, Matsushita H. Bladder tumor producing　granulocyte colony stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone related protein. J Urol, 167 : 2130, 2002
  7. Kaneko T, Kurimoto S, Kume H, Kitamura T. Accidental resection of bilateral ureteric　orfices in a patient with ureterosigmoidostomy. BJU Int 89 : 969-970, 2002
  8. Muto S, Aiba A, Saito Y, Nakao K, Nakamura K, Tomita K, Kitamura T, Kurabayashi M, Nagai R, Higashihara E, Harris PC, Katsuki M, Horie S. Pioglitazone improves the phenotype and molecular defects of a targeted PKd1 mutant. Hum Molec Genet 11: 1731-1742, 2002
  9. Hamamoto T, Beppu H, Okada Ｈ, Kawabata M, Kitamura T, Miyazono K, Kato K. Compound disruption of Smad 2 accelerates　malignant　progression of intestinal tumors in Apc knockout mice. Cancer Res 62: 5955-5961. 2002
  10. Saruwatari L, Zheng H-Y, Takasaka T, Sugimoto C, Sakai E, Bo B, Aung N N, Kitamura T, Yogo Y, Ohno N. Peopling of Myanmar as Demonstrated by　Genotyping of Urinary JC Virus DNA. Anthropological Science 110: 235-249, 2002
  11. Suzuki M, Zheng HY, Takasaka T, Sugimoto C, Kitamura T, Beutler E, Yogo Y. Asian genotypes of JC virus in Japanese-Americans suggest familial transmission. J Virol 76: 10074-10078, 2002
  12. Sugimoto C, Hasegawa M, Zheng HY, Demenev V, Sekino Y, Kojima K, Honjo T, Kida H, Hovi T, Vesikari T, Schalken JA, Tomita K, Mitsunobu Y, Ikegaya H, Kobayashi N, Kitamura T, Yogo Y. JC virus strains indigenous to northeastern Siberians and Canadian Inuits are unique but evolutionally related to those distributed throughout Europe and Mediterranean areas. J Mol Evol 55: 322-335, 2002
  13. Saruwatari L, Sugimoto C, Kitamura T, Ohno N, Sakai E, Shresta P, Hoa BK, Phi PT, An HP, Tuyet NT, Honjo T, Kobayashi N, Zheng HY, Takasaka T, Yogo Y. Asian domains of four major genotypes of JC virus, Af2, B1-b, CY and SC. Arch Virol 147:1-10, 2002
  14. Teratani T, Watanabe T, Kuwahara F, Kumagai H, Kobayashi S, Aoki Y, Ishikawa A, Arai K, Nozawa R. Induced transcriptional expression of calcium-binding protein S100A1 and S100A10 genes in human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 175: 71-77, 2002
  15. Teratani T, Watanabe T, Yamahara K, Kumagai H, Ishikawa A, Arai K, Nozawa R. Restricted expression of calcium-binding protein S100A5 in human kidney. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 291: 623-627, 2002
  16. Goel M, Flechner SM, Ischikawa A, Induhara R, Mastroianni B, Savas K, Modlin C, Goldfarb D, Feng J, Cook DJ, Novick AC. The effect of two different cyclosporine formulations on the long-term progression to chronic　rejection in renal allograft recipients. Clin Transplant 16: 442-449, 2002
  17. Azuma T, Horie S, Tomita K, Takahashi T, Tanaka Y, Kashiwase K, Nieda M, Takeuchi T, Ohta N, Shibata Y, Hirai H, Kitamura T. Dendritic cell immunotherapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: University of Tokyo experience. Int J Urol 9: 340-346, 2002
  18. Takahashi T, Chiba S, Nieda M, Azuma T, Ishihara S, Shibata Y, Juji T, Hirai H. Cutting edge: analysis of human V alpha24+CD8+ NK T cell is activated by alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 168: 3140-3144, 2002
  19. Takahashi S, Yamada Y, Homma Y, Horie S, Hosaka Y, Kitamura T. Power Doppler ultrasonography-directed prostate biopsy in men with elevated serum PSA levels: An evaluation of the clinical utility and limitations. Urology 60: 248-252, 2002
  20. Suzuki E, Nishimatsu H, Nagata D, Satonaka H, Goto A, Omata M, Fujita T, Nagai R, Hirata Y. Constitutive activation of proto-oncogen protein p21 induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in contact-inhibited vascular endothelial cells. Hypertens Res 25: 773-778, 2002
  21. Shindo T, Manabe I, Fukushima Y, Tobe K, Aizawa K, Miyamoto S, Kawai-Kowase K, Moriyama N, Imai Y, Kawakami H, Nishimatsu H, Ishikawa T, Suzuki T, Morita H, Maemura K, Sata M, Hirata Y, Komukai M, Kagechika H, Kadowaki T, Kurabayashi M, Nagai R. Kruppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor KLF5/BTEB2 is a target for angiotensin II signaling and an essential regulator of cardiovascular remodeling. Nat Med 8: 856-863, 2002
  22. Suzuki E, Nishimatsu H, Satonaka H, Walsh K, Goto A, Omata M, Fujita T, Nagai R, Hirata Y. Angiotensin II induces myocyte enhancer factor 2- and calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell-dependent transcriptional activation in vascular myocytes. Circ Res 90: 1004-1011, 2002
  23. Nishimatsu H, Hirata Y, Shindo T, Kurihara H, Kakoki M, Nagata D, Hayakawa H, Satonaka H, Sata M, Tojo A, Suzuki E, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Kitamura T, Nagai R. Role of endogenous adrenomedullin in the regulation of vascular tone and ischemic renal injury: studies on transgenic/knockout mice of adrenomedullin gene. Circ Res 90: 657-663, 2002
  24. Takahashi T, Tanaka Y, Nieda M, Azuma T, Chiba S, Juji T, Shibata Y, and Hirai H. Dendritic cell vaccination for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 27: 795-802, 2003
  25. Azuma, T, Takahashi T, Kunisato A, Kitamura T, and Hirai H. Human CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress NKT cell functions. Cancer Res 63: 4516-4520, 2003
  26. Takahashi S, Urano T, Tsuchiya F, Fujimura T, Kitamura T, Ouchi Y, Muramatsu M, Inoue. EBAG9/RCAS1 expression and its prognostic significance in prostatic cancer. Int J Cancer 106:310-315, 2003
  27. Aoki T, Inoue S, Imamura H, Fukushima J, Takahashi S, Urano T, Hasegawa K, Ogushi T, Ouchi Y, Makuuchi M. EBAG9/RCAS1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation with tumour dedifferentiation and proliferation. Eur J Cancer 39:1552-1561, 2003
  28. Ishikawa A, Kawabe K. Beneficial effect of losartan against proteinuria from the renal allograft. Transplant Proc 35: 289-290, 2003
  29. Kawabe K, Ishikawa A. First year of mass screening for prostatic cancer in Yaizu city. Aktuel Urol 34: 242-243, 2003
  30. Kaneko T, Takahashi S, Takeuchi T, Goto T, Kitamura T. Castleman's disease in the retroperitoneal space. J Urol 169:265-266, 2003
  31. Konno-Takahashi N, Takeuchi T, Shimizu T, Nishimatsu H, Fukuhara H, Kamijo T, Moriyama N, Tejima S, Kitamura T. Engineered IGF-I expression induces glandular enlargement in the murine prostate. J Endocrinol 177: 389-398, 2003
  32. Zheng HY, Sugimoto C, Hasegawa M, Kobayashi N, Kanayama A, Rodas A, Mejia M, Nakamichi J, Guo J, Kitamura T, Yogo Y. Phylogenetic relationships among JC virus strains in Japanese/Koreans and Native Americans speaking Amerind or Na-Dene. J Mol Evol 56: 18-27, 2003
  33. Kasuya Y, Hosaka Y, Matsushima H, Goto T, Kitamura T, Okuyama A. Prominent induction of cyclin B1 in G2/M renal cancer cells with butyrolactone 1. Int J Urol, 10 : 323-331, 2003
  34. Nakagawa T, Kanai Y, Saito Y, Kitamura T, Kakizoe T, Hirohashi S. Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 protein expression in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol, 170: 2463-2466, 2003
  35. Abe M, Sata M, Nishimatsu H, Nagata D, Suzuki E, Terauchi Y, Kadowaki T, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Adrenomedullin augments collateral development in response to acute ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 306:10-15, 2003
  36. Nishimatsu H, Hirata Y, Shindo T, Kurihara H, Suzuki E, Sata M, Satonaka H, Takeda R, Nagata D, Kakoki M, Hayakawa H, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Kitamura T, Nagai R. Endothelial responses of the aorta from adrenomedullin transgenic mice and knockout mice. Hypertens Res 26 Suppl: S79-84, 2003
  37. Yogo Y, Sugimoto C, Zheng HY, Ikegaya H, Takasaka T, Kitamura T. JC virus genotyping offers a new paradigm in the study of human populations. Rev Med Virol 14: 179-191, 2004
  38. Zheng HY, Yasuda Y, Kato S, Kitamura T, Yogo Y. Stability of JC virus coding sequences in a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in which the viral control region was rearranged markedly. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128: 275-278, 2004
  39. Zheng HY, Kitamura T, Takasaka T, Chen Q, Yogo Y. Unambiguous identification of JC polyomavirus strains transmitted from parents to children. Arch Virol 149:　261-273, 2004
  40. Nagata M, Kurimoto S, Takeuchi T, Ohta N, Minowada S, Kitamura T. Tiny nodule in the testicle: Case report of a sertoli cell tumor. Int J Urol 11: 61-62, 2004
  41. Satonaka H, Suzuki E, Nishimatsu H, Oba S, Takeda R, Goto A, Omata M, Fujita T, Nagai R, Hirata Y. Calcineurin promotes the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in vascular myocytes and mediates vascular inflammation. Circ Res 94: 693-700, 2004
  42. Konno-Takahashi N, Takeuchi T, Nishimatsu H, Kamijo T, Tomita K, Schalken JA, Tejima S, Kitamura T. Engineered FGF-2 expression induces glandular epithelial hyperplasia in the murine prostatic dorsal lobe. Eur Urol in press
  43. Takeuchi T, Konno-Takahashi N, Kasuya Y, Ogushi T, Nishimatsu H, Kitamura T. IL-2 blocks the anti-tumor activity caused by depletion of CD25+ cells in a RENCA model. BJU Int in press
  44. Sata M, Nishimatsu H, Osuga JI, Tanaka K, Ishizaka N, Ishibashi S, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Statins Augment Collateral Growth in Response to Ischemia But They Do Not Promote Cancer and Atherosclerosis. Hypertension in press
  45. Enomoto Y, Enomoto K, Kitamura T, Kanda T. Keratinocyte-specific POU transcription factor hSkn-1a represses the growth of cervical cancer cell lines. Oncogene in press
Annual Report of the Graduate School of Medicine and The Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Reports for the Period April 2002 - March 2004